Sunday, November 6, 2011

"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Warning:  I don't have a good answer to the question raised in this post.   I welcome suggestions.

The city of Sedom features prominently in last week's and this week's parshiot.  About Sedom, we read last week:

וְאַנְשֵׁי סְדֹם, רָעִים וְחַטָּאִים, לַיהוָה, מְאֹד.
The men of Sedom were extremely bad and sinful to God. (Genesis 13:13)

It sounds like "bad" and "sinful" are two different things.   What's the difference between them?

Targum Onkelos explains it as having to do with the method of sinning:  

וְאַנְשֵׁי סְדוֹם, בִּישִׁין בְּמָמוֹנְהוֹן וְחַיָּבִין בְּגִוְיָתְהוֹן, קֳדָם יְיָ, לַחְדָּא.
The men of Sedom were extremely bad with their money(property?), and guilty with their bodies to God.

"Ra'im" means bad (in a moral sense) with their money or property.   Chata'im means sinning with their bodies.  What is the rationale for making such a distinction?   Isn't evil just evil, regardless of its mode of implementation?  (Read on, but this is the unanswered question of the post!)

There's another famous passage where we see such a distinction.  In the Shema, we read:

 וְאָהַבְתָּ, אֵת יְהוָה אֱלֹהֶיךָ, בְּכָל-לְבָבְךָ וּבְכָל-נַפְשְׁךָ, וּבְכָל-מְאֹדֶךָ.

You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your "meod".

What is your "meod"?   Says Onkelos, "your possessions."  Rashi also cites this explanation:
 בכל ממונך יש לך אדם שממונו חביב עליו מגופו לכך נאמר ובכל מאדך.  
  With all your money;  there is a man whose money is more precious to him than his body, therefore it says "with all your money"




You might ask:  If I love God with all my soul, isn't it obvious I would dedicate all my possessions to Him?  Rashi answers that there is such a person who is so sick, so twisted in his outlook, that his life is not as important as his possessions.  To such a person, the Torah commands to love God as much as he loves his possessions.


So here's a follow-up question:   Why would the Torah give us a mitzvah specifically for someone who is so twisted in his perceptions?   Meaning, love God with all your heart and soul--I get it.   But if you're so messed up that you value your possessions more than your life, how can you even think about loving God?  And why would the Torah command a person like this to love God?  Get your priorities straight, and then love God with all your soul!

Conclusion:
We have the same distinction made between one's self and one's property being made both in the realm of evil and in the realm of good.  On the bad side, the people of Sedom were wicked with their money and their bodies (presumably through which they act out the desires of their souls).    God commands us to love Him with our selves and with our money.

What is the purpose of this distinction?  Does Rashi on the Shema shed light on Onkelos' commentary about Sedom?    Any thoughts?

No comments: